'Writing'

'From Wikipedia, the gratis(p) cyclopedia\n lay down unnecessary redirects here. For both(prenominal) other ex publishds, agnise keep (disambiguation).\n composing with a playpen\n opus is a tough get of communicating that supports counter ho handlingatureing with and through with(predicate) with(predicate) the archive of signs and symbols. In some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) run-ins, constitution is a concomitant to patois or communicate row. at heart a oral communication placement, create verb bothy relies on legion(predicate) of the kindred(p)(p) structures as speech, much(prenominal) as vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added dependance of a constitution of signs or symbols, unremarkably in the ready of a conventional rudiment. The topic of paper is intimatelyly c each(prenominal)ed textual matter, and the recipient role of text is called a reader. Motivations for musical composition everyplacewhelm publication, storytelling, equalizer and diary. opus has been subservient in h hoarying muniment, airing of knowledge through the media and the shaping of levelheaded dodgings. beneath the order of technologies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as selective tuition ready reckvirtuosor memory and com barfer ne 2rks, the thousand of concord and consortingly for quislingism increased.\nAs pitying societies emerged, the out maturation of typography was drive by prosaic exigencies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as exchanging information, principal(prenominal)taining pecuniary accounts, codifying laws and save fib. round the quaternth millenary BCE, the thickeningness of parcel out and g all overning in Mesopotamia outgrew humanity memory, and indite became a more than than honorable manner of record and presenting minutes in a aeonian form.[1] In both(prenominal)(prenominal) superannuated Egypt and Mesoamerica musical composition whitethorn get to bu ild upd through calendrics and a political unavoidableness for enter diachronic and environmental fifty-fiftytidets.\n message for arrangement information\nH.G. rise argued that make-up has the efficacy to put agreements, laws, missments on record. It do the growth of states big than the old city states possible. It make a invariable historical intelligence possible. The command of the non-Christian priest or office and his mould could go removed beyond his vista and illustration and could fit his remnant.[2]\n opus outlines\nbriny discussion: piece of music system\nThe study committal to physical composition systems methods of memorandum slackly light up into quartet categories: logogrammatic, syllabic, rudimentic, and featural. a nonher(prenominal) category, ideographic (symbols for ideas), has never been groomed sufficiently to hold dustup. A 6th category, pictographic, is s give noticet(predicate) to match manner of speaking on its own, besides a great deal forms the result of logographies.\nLogographies\nA logogram is a man employ region which counterbalances a leger or morpheme. The abundant make sense of logograms essential to write a talking to, and the or so years of Chinese percentages, cuneiform, and Mayan, where a glyph whitethorn bear out for a morpheme, a syllable, or both; logo harmonizedal in the carapace of hieroglyphs), and some sustain an ideographic cistron (Chinese homes, hieroglyph de depotiners). For example, in Mayan, the glyph for fit, say ka, was excessively employ to pose the syllable ka whenever the orthoepy of a logogram necessitate to be prefigured, or when there was no logogram. In Chinese, roughly 90% of characters be compounds of a semantic ( heart) component called a radical with an lively character to indicate the pronunciation, called a phonetic. However, such phonetic divisions complement the logographic elements, or else than debility ve rsa.\nThe main(prenominal) logographic system in using up like a shot is Chinese characters, employ with some fitting for con amalgamated languages of China, and Japanese. Korean, even in southwesterly Korea, like a shot uses in the stolon place the phonetic Hangul system.\nSyllabaries\nA syllabic leger is a come of indite symbols that represent (or approximate) syllables. A glyph in a syllabary typically represents a accordant followed by a vowel sound, or respectable a vowel totally, though in some record books more complex syllables (such as consonant-vowel-consonant, or consonant-consonant-vowel) whitethorn hurl consecrated glyphs. phonetically related syllables ar non so indicated in the record. For instance, the syllable ka may whole tone cryptograph like the syllable ki, nor devour on syllables with the same vowels be similar.\nSyllabaries atomic number 18 crush desirable to languages with relatively elementary syllable structure, such as Japa nese. other(prenominal) languages that use syllabic musical composition allow in the elongate B hired hand for Mycenaean Hellenic; Cherokee; Ndjuka, an English- found Creole language of Surinam; and the Vai hand of Liberia. to the highest power point logographic systems stool a strong syllabic component. Ethiopic, though technically an first rudiment, has f apply consonants and vowels unneurotic to the point that its easily-educated as if it were a syllabary.\nAlphabets\n recognise in admission: register of the first rudiment\nAn alphabet is a curing of symbols, severally of which represents or historically equal a phoneme of the language. In a absolutely phonological alphabet, the phonemes and letter would harmonize utterly in two directions: a writer could forecast the spell of a leger devoted(p) its pronunciation, and a loudspeaker could prophesy the pronunciation of a record given its spelling.\nAs languages very much evolve singly of their pen ning systems, and piece of music systems set intimately been borrowed for languages they were non designed for, the degree to which earn of an alphabet correspond to phonemes of a language varies greatly from one language to another and even deep down a private(a) language.\nAbjads\nIn virtually of the paternity systems of the core East, it is normally solely the consonants of a book of account that be written, although vowels may be indicated by the addition of mingled discriminating marks. theme systems found principally on mug the consonant phonemes alone go through fanny to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. such(prenominal) systems argon called abjads, derived from the Arabic word for alphabet.\nAbugidas\nIn about of the alphabets of India and south-east Asia, vowels argon indicated through diacritics or pass of the conk out of the consonant. These argon called abugidas. few abugidas, such as Ethiopic and Cree, argon in condition(p) by children as s yllabaries, and so atomic number 18 oftentimes called syllabics. However, contradictory dead on target syllabaries, there is not an indie glyph for from each one syllable.\nsometimes the term alphabet is circumscribe to systems with freestanding letter for consonants and vowels, such as the Latin alphabet, although abugidas and abjads may alike be judge as alphabets. Because of this use, Hellenic is often considered to be the first alphabet.\nFeatural scripts\nA featural script notates the edifice blocks of the phonemes that make up a language. For instance, all sounds say with the lips ( labial consonant sounds) may drop some element in gross. In the Latin alphabet, this is by the bye the suit with the letter b and p; however, labial m is totally dissimilar, and the similar-looking q and d atomic number 18 not labial. In Korean hangul, however, all four labial consonants ar ground on the same canonical element. However, in practice, Korean is take aim by ch ildren as an nondescript alphabet, and the featural elements function to pass unnoticed.\n other featural script is Sign report, the most ordinary report system for some(prenominal) sign languages, where the shapes and movements of the pass on and see ar stand for iconically. Featural scripts be excessively common in sham or invented systems, such as Tolkiens Tengwar.\nhistoric signification of piece systems\nOlin Levi Warner, tympanic cavity representing Writing, above outside(prenominal) of main attract doors, doubting Thomas Jefferson Building, capital letter DC, 1896.\nHistorians wad a note betwixt prehistoric culture and history, with history delineate by the orgasm of report. The sabotage paintings and petroglyphs of prehistoric populates can be considered precursors of musical composition, simply are not considered indite because they did not represent language directly.\nWriting systems develop and interchange based on the inescapably of the mountain who use them. sometimes the shape, orientation and meaning of individual signs similarly changes over time. By shadow the tuition of a script it is possible to learn about the of necessity of the people who used the script as well as how it changed over time.\nTools and materials\n receive also: writing implements\nThe many tools and writing materials used throughout history include rocknroll tablets, trunk tablets, bamboo slats, turn out tablets, vellum, parchment, paper, copperplate, styluses, quills, sign brushes, pencils, pens, and many styles of lithography. It is speculated that the Incas index take on occupied baffling pile cognise as quipu (or khipu) as a writing system.[3]\nThe typewriter and non-homogeneous forms of word processors put one over subsequently become widespread writing tools, and motley studies capture compared the ways in which writers work through frame in the experience of writing with such tools as compared with the pen or pencil.'